Test parameters |
Methodology adopted |
Applicability |
PHYSICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
|
Refraction |
Sieve test |
Flour |
Insect infestation |
Visual observation |
Cereals, pulses |
Admixture |
Visual observation |
Cereals, pulses |
Colour on scale |
|
Oil, fat, |
Bellier turbidity temperature |
Visual |
Oils |
Optical rotation |
Polarimeter |
Sugar, Syrup, Oil & fat |
Refractive Index |
Abbe Refractometer |
Oil & fat, Sugar syrup |
Scorched particles |
Scorched particle tester |
Milk powder |
pH |
Digital pH meter |
Most of food products |
Specific gravity |
Specific gravity bottle |
Oils, Alcoholic beverages |
Microscopic Examination |
Compound Microscope |
Honey, Starch products |
Water absorption capacity |
Remi Centrifuge |
Fiber, Protein |
Oil absorption capacity |
Remi Centrifuge |
Fiber, protein |
Falling Number |
Falling Number Apparatus |
Wheat flour |
Elasticity & Extensibility of Dough |
Alveo-Consistograph |
Wheat flour |
Viscosity |
Hoake viscometer Ostwald viscometer Brookefield viscometer |
Fat & oil, fruit pulp |
CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
|
Moisture |
Hot air oven Vacuum oven Karl Fischer titer Dean & Stark |
Most of the food products, Animal feeds |
Fat or oil |
Chemical |
Most of the food products, Animal feeds |
Protein |
Chemical |
Most of the food products, Animal feeds |
Starch |
Chemical |
Starch containing products |
Sugars |
Chemical, HPLC |
Sugar, Beverages, Confectioneries, other food products |
Cellulose |
Spectrophotometer |
Vegetables, fruits, feed, fiber |
Ethyl alcohol |
Chemical |
Alcoholic beverages |
Methyl alcohol |
GC |
Alcoholic beverages |
Higher alcohols |
Spectrophotometer GC /Chemical |
Alcoholic beverages |
Esters |
GC |
Alcoholic beverages |
Total nitrogen |
Kjeldahl Unit |
Food & feed products |
Aldehydes, furfurals |
GC |
Alcoholic drinks & beverages, Honey |
Ash |
Muffle furnace |
Food & feed products |
Crude fiber |
Chemical |
Animal feeds, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses, Starch & starchy products |
Dietary fiber |
Enzymatic |
Functional foods, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses |
Soluble fiber |
Chemical |
Functional foods, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses |
Insoluble fiber |
Chemical |
Functional foods, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses |
Pectin |
Chemical |
Fruit & vegetable products |
Amino acid profile |
HPLC |
Infant food, Neutraceuticals |
Fatty acid profile |
GC |
Vegetable oils and fat, egg |
trans-Fatty acids |
GC FTIR |
Vegetable oils, Ghee |
Water and oil soluble vitamins |
HPLC Spectroflourometer |
Infants, Herbal drinks, Infant food |
Phytochemicals |
TLC HPLC |
Herbal products, Functional foods |
Flavinoids |
TLC Spectrophotometer |
Neutraceuticals |
Alkaloids |
Chemical |
Tobacco products, Tea & Coffee |
Acid insoluble ash |
Chemical |
|
Whey protein nitrogen index |
Chemical |
Milk powder |
Phosphatase activity |
Spectrophotometer |
Milk and milk powder |
Alpha amylase activity |
Falling Number / Spectrophotometer |
Cereal flour, Barley, Malt |
b -Carotene |
HPLC Spectrophotometer |
Vegetable oils, meat |
Menthol |
GC |
Pan masala, Tobacco products |
Tannin |
Spectrophotometer Chemical |
Tea, Coffee, Arecanut (Betelnut) |
Caffeine |
HPLC Spectrophotometer |
Coffee, Tea, Carbonated beverages |
Cholesterol , Phyto-sterols |
HPLC GC Spectrophotometer |
Egg, ghee, vegetable oils |
Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Manganese, Zinc, Silver, Gold, etc. |
AAS |
Raw and processed food products |
Chloride, Fluoride, Cyanide, Iodide, etc. |
Specific ion analyser |
Processed food products |
METALLIC CONTAMINANTS |
Arsenic, Mercury, Lead, Copper, Cadmium, Tin, Aluminum, Nickel, Iron, etc. |
AAS |
Food products, feed, additives, Canned foods |
BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS
|
E. coli, Samonella, S. aureus, Shigella,Campylobacter,Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium sp. |
Microbiological methods ELISA |
Dairy products, processed food products |
Enterotoxin, Mycotoxins (Alfatoxins, Ochratoxin) |
HPLC / ELISA |
Peanuts, Animal feeds, Milk |
DRUGS & HORMONES
|
Chloramphenicol |
LC-MS-MS |
Milk, Honey |
Nitrofurans (Furazolidone, Furatadone, Nitrofurantoin, Nitrofurazone) |
LC-MS-MS |
Milk, Honey |
Sulfonamide (Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfadoxine, Sulfamerazine, Sulfanilamide, Sulfamethoxy pyridazine, Sulfathiazol, Trimethoprim) |
LC-MS-MS |
Milk, Honey |
Streptomycin |
LC-MS-MS |
Milk, Honey |
Tetracycline (Tetracyclin, Oxytetracyclin, Chlortetracyclin, Doxycyclin) |
LC-MS-MS |
Milk, Honey |
Oxytocin |
HPLC / RIA |
Milk |
Ronidazole |
LC-MS-MS |
Milk |
b -lactum |
ELISA |
Milk |
Steroids |
TLC |
Herbal products |
RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS |
Cs-134, Cs-137, I-131, Sr-90, Am-241, Pt-239 |
Alpha, Beta and Gamma Counter |
Milk powder, Chilly, fruits, vegetables, processed food products |
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS |
Dioxins |
HPLC |
Milk powder |
RESIDUAL PESTICIDES |
Organochlorine compounds (Hexachlorobenzene,Chlorobenzilate , pp-DDT, op-DDT, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, HCH (all isomers), Lindane, Vinclozolin) |
GC-MS |
Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds |
Organophosphorus compounds (Coumaphos, Malathion, Phosalone) |
GC-MS |
Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds |
Pyrethriod compounds (Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Permethrin, Fenvalerate, Fluvalinate) |
GC-MS |
Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds |
Carbamates (Carbofuran, Propoxur, carbaryl) |
GC-MS |
Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds |
Miscellaneous compounds (Amitraz, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionine) |
GC-MS |
Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds |
FOOD ADDITIVES |
TBHQ, BHA, BHT |
HPLC GC-MS Spectrophotometer |
Oil and fat, fat-rich products |
monoglycerides |
Chemical |
Processed food products |
Emulsifiers |
Chemical |
Processed food products |
Artificial & natural colours |
HPLC TLC Spectrophotometer |
Processed food products |
Artificial sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, etc.) |
HPLC |
Carbonated beverages, Low calorie products |
Benzoic acid, Sorbic acid, Propionic acid |
Chemical |
Processed food products |
ADULTERANTS
|
Gambier |
TLC |
Catechu |
Urea |
Spectophotometer |
Milk |
Neutralizer |
Chemical |
Milk |
Starch |
Chemical Spectrophotometer |
Milk |
Preservatives (Fomaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide) |
HPLC/Spectrophotometer |
Food products |
Detergents |
Chemical |
Milk |
Argemone |
TLC |
Mustard oil |
Mineral oil, Animal body fat |
TLC/FTIR |
Vegetable oil, Ghee, processed food products |
Banned / Non-permitted dyes & colours |
HPLC/ LC-MS-MS |
Processed food products, Vegetables |
PACKAGING MATERIALS
|
Tin, Chromium |
AAS |
Tin plate |
Sulphide stain |
Chemical |
Food cans |
Laquer |
Physical Chemical |
Tin cans |
Migration tests |
Chemical |
Food grade plastics |
Heavy metals like Pb, As, Cd, Se, Ba, |
AAS |
Coloured plastics |
Water vapour permeability |
Humidity chamber |
Plastics |
Identification of plastic materials |
Chemical FTIR DSC |
Food packaging materials |
Physical tests |
Thickness gauge Universal testing machine Elmendrof tear tester Dart impact tester |
Plastic packages |
|