| Test parameters | Methodology adopted | Applicability | |
PHYSICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
| | Refraction | Sieve test | Flour | | Insect infestation | Visual observation | Cereals, pulses | | Admixture | Visual observation | Cereals, pulses | | Colour on scale |
| Oil, fat, | | Bellier turbidity temperature | Visual | Oils | | Optical rotation | Polarimeter | Sugar, Syrup, Oil & fat | | Refractive Index | Abbe Refractometer | Oil & fat, Sugar syrup | | Scorched particles | Scorched particle tester | Milk powder | | pH | Digital pH meter | Most of food products | | Specific gravity | Specific gravity bottle | Oils, Alcoholic beverages | | Microscopic Examination | Compound Microscope | Honey, Starch products | | Water absorption capacity | Remi Centrifuge | Fiber, Protein | | Oil absorption capacity | Remi Centrifuge | Fiber, protein | | Falling Number | Falling Number Apparatus | Wheat flour | | Elasticity & Extensibility of Dough | Alveo-Consistograph | Wheat flour | | Viscosity | Hoake viscometer Ostwald viscometer Brookefield viscometer | Fat & oil, fruit pulp | |
CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
| | Moisture | Hot air oven
Vacuum oven
Karl Fischer titer
Dean & Stark | Most of the food products, Animal feeds | | Fat or oil | Chemical | Most of the food products, Animal feeds | | Protein | Chemical | Most of the food products, Animal feeds | | Starch | Chemical | Starch containing products | | Sugars | Chemical, HPLC | Sugar, Beverages, Confectioneries, other food products | | Cellulose | Spectrophotometer | Vegetables, fruits, feed, fiber | | Ethyl alcohol | Chemical | Alcoholic beverages | | Methyl alcohol | GC | Alcoholic beverages | | Higher alcohols | Spectrophotometer GC /Chemical | Alcoholic beverages | | Esters | GC | Alcoholic beverages | | Total nitrogen | Kjeldahl Unit | Food & feed products | | Aldehydes, furfurals | GC | Alcoholic drinks & beverages, Honey | | Ash | Muffle furnace | Food & feed products | | Crude fiber | Chemical | Animal feeds, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses, Starch & starchy products | | Dietary fiber | Enzymatic | Functional foods, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses | | Soluble fiber | Chemical | Functional foods, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses | | Insoluble fiber | Chemical | Functional foods, Bakery & Confectionery, Cereals, Pulses | | Pectin | Chemical | Fruit & vegetable products | | Amino acid profile | HPLC | Infant food, Neutraceuticals | | Fatty acid profile | GC | Vegetable oils and fat, egg | | trans-Fatty acids | GC FTIR | Vegetable oils, Ghee | | Water and oil soluble vitamins | HPLC Spectroflourometer | Infants, Herbal drinks, Infant food | | Phytochemicals | TLC HPLC | Herbal products, Functional foods | | Flavinoids | TLC Spectrophotometer | Neutraceuticals | | Alkaloids | Chemical | Tobacco products, Tea & Coffee | | Acid insoluble ash | Chemical | | | Whey protein nitrogen index | Chemical | Milk powder | | Phosphatase activity | Spectrophotometer | Milk and milk powder | | Alpha amylase activity | Falling Number / Spectrophotometer | Cereal flour, Barley, Malt | | b -Carotene | HPLC Spectrophotometer | Vegetable oils, meat | | Menthol | GC | Pan masala, Tobacco products | | Tannin | Spectrophotometer Chemical | Tea, Coffee, Arecanut (Betelnut) | | Caffeine | HPLC Spectrophotometer | Coffee, Tea, Carbonated beverages | | Cholesterol , Phyto-sterols | HPLC GC Spectrophotometer | Egg, ghee, vegetable oils | | Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Manganese, Zinc, Silver, Gold, etc. | AAS | Raw and processed food products | | Chloride, Fluoride, Cyanide, Iodide, etc. | Specific ion analyser | Processed food products | | METALLIC CONTAMINANTS | | Arsenic, Mercury, Lead, Copper, Cadmium, Tin, Aluminum, Nickel, Iron, etc. | AAS | Food products, feed, additives, Canned foods | |
BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS
| | E. coli, Samonella, S. aureus, Shigella,Campylobacter,Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium sp. | Microbiological methods ELISA | Dairy products, processed food products | | Enterotoxin, Mycotoxins (Alfatoxins, Ochratoxin) | HPLC / ELISA | Peanuts, Animal feeds, Milk | |
DRUGS & HORMONES
| | Chloramphenicol | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | | Nitrofurans (Furazolidone, Furatadone, Nitrofurantoin, Nitrofurazone) | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | | Sulfonamide (Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfadoxine, Sulfamerazine, Sulfanilamide, Sulfamethoxy pyridazine, Sulfathiazol, Trimethoprim) | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | | Streptomycin | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | | Tetracycline (Tetracyclin, Oxytetracyclin, Chlortetracyclin, Doxycyclin) | LC-MS-MS | Milk, Honey | | Oxytocin | HPLC / RIA | Milk | | Ronidazole | LC-MS-MS | Milk | | b -lactum | ELISA | Milk | | Steroids | TLC | Herbal products | | RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS | | Cs-134, Cs-137, I-131, Sr-90, Am-241, Pt-239 | Alpha, Beta and Gamma Counter | Milk powder, Chilly, fruits, vegetables, processed food products | | CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS | | Dioxins | HPLC | Milk powder | | RESIDUAL PESTICIDES | | Organochlorine compounds (Hexachlorobenzene,Chlorobenzilate , pp-DDT, op-DDT, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, HCH (all isomers), Lindane, Vinclozolin) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | | Organophosphorus compounds (Coumaphos, Malathion, Phosalone) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | | Pyrethriod compounds (Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Permethrin, Fenvalerate, Fluvalinate) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | | Carbamates (Carbofuran, Propoxur, carbaryl) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | | Miscellaneous compounds (Amitraz, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionine) | GC-MS | Raw and processed food products, Animal feeds | | FOOD ADDITIVES | | TBHQ, BHA, BHT | HPLC GC-MS Spectrophotometer | Oil and fat, fat-rich products | | monoglycerides | Chemical | Processed food products | | Emulsifiers | Chemical | Processed food products | | Artificial & natural colours | HPLC TLC Spectrophotometer | Processed food products | | Artificial sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame, etc.) | HPLC | Carbonated beverages, Low calorie products | | Benzoic acid, Sorbic acid, Propionic acid | Chemical | Processed food products | |
ADULTERANTS
| | Gambier | TLC | Catechu | | Urea | Spectophotometer | Milk | | Neutralizer | Chemical | Milk | | Starch | Chemical Spectrophotometer | Milk | Preservatives
(Fomaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide) | HPLC/Spectrophotometer | Food products | | Detergents | Chemical | Milk | | Argemone | TLC | Mustard oil | | Mineral oil, Animal body fat | TLC/FTIR | Vegetable oil, Ghee, processed food products | | Banned / Non-permitted dyes & colours | HPLC/ LC-MS-MS | Processed food products, Vegetables | |
PACKAGING MATERIALS
| | Tin, Chromium | AAS | Tin plate | | Sulphide stain | Chemical | Food cans | | Laquer | Physical Chemical | Tin cans | | Migration tests | Chemical | Food grade plastics | | Heavy metals like Pb, As, Cd, Se, Ba, | AAS | Coloured plastics | | Water vapour permeability | Humidity chamber | Plastics | | Identification of plastic materials | Chemical FTIR DSC | Food packaging materials | | Physical tests | Thickness gauge
Universal testing machine
Elmendrof tear tester
Dart impact tester | Plastic packages | |
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